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Kephart and D. Chess, IEEE Computer, Jan. 2003. Also - A.G. Ganek and T.A. Corbi,  The dawning of the autonomic computing era , IBM Systems Journal, 42 (1), 2003. - R. Want, T. Pering and D. Tennehouse,  Comparing autonomic and proactive computing , IBMS Systems Journal, 42 (1), 2003. .>H< b&7 a W^ The problem>The main obstacle to further progress in IT industry Not a change in Moore s law, but Looming software complexity crisis Beyond admin single environments, to integration into intra- and inter-corporate computing systems  Complexity is the business we are in, and complexity is what limits us. , Fred Brooks Jr. Better programming won t do it Consider ~1/3 to of a company s total IT budget goes to preventing and recovering from crashes  For every dollar to purchase storage, you spend $9 to have someone manage it. , N. Tabellion, CTO Fujitsu Softek ~40% of computer outages are caused by operator errors Average downtime impact for IT ~ $1.4 millions revenue/hour5PEPdP\P)P=P5Ed\)  =, t_JThe answer/hope  Autonomic computingAutonomic systems  can manage themselves given high-level objectives from admins. ~ autonomic nervous system An autonomic system Knows itself Knows its environment & the context surrounding its activity (Re) configure itself under varying and unpredictable conditions Is always on the look to optimize its working Is able to protect and heal itself Anticipates the optimized resources needed to meet a user s information needs To incorporate these characteristics, it must have the following properties/features & nS*WS*  WK`Self-* propertiesSelf-configuration Current: Data centers made of components from/for multiple vendors/platforms; installation, configuration & integration is time consuming & error prone Autonomic: Automated based high-level policies, host system adjust itself automatically and seamalessly Self-optimization Current: Hundreds of manually set, nonlinear tuning knobs Autonomic: Components and system continually seek optimization opportunities Self-healing Current: e.g. problem determination can take weeks Autonomic: self detection, diagnosis, and repair for HW&SW Self-protection Current: Detection & recovery from attacks & cascading failures is manual Autonomic: Self-defense using early warning to anticipate & prevent system-wide failuresPPPP PnPPP   n eAutonomic elementAutonomic systems  interactive collection of autonomic elements Autonomic element 1+ managed elements + autonomic manager that controls it Function at many levels  from disk drives to entire enterprises Fixed behavior, connections and relationships gives away to increased dynamism and flexibility expresed as high-level goals *SZZS,dEvolution to autonomic systemsbEngineering challengesDesign, test and verification Installation and configuration Monitoring, problem determination, upgrading Managing the life cycle Autonomic systems will have multiple elements at different stages, handling multiple tasks, & how to handle all? Relationships among autonomic elements Specification of services needed/provided; ways to locate providers; ways to establish SLA; & Robustness against self-management-based attacks Goal specification and robustness to wrongly specified goals lq'^oq'^  ocScientific challengestHow to understand, control, and design emergent behavior Understanding the mapping from local to global behavior is not enough Develop a theory of robustness Beginning with a definition Learning and optimization theory Machine learning by a single element in static environment is just the basic  multiagent systems in dynamic environments Negotiation theory How should the multiple elements negotiate? 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