Assignment #4

SPARC INSTRUCTION SET

BY

ASHISH GUPTA ( 98131)

ANGSHUMAN PARASHAR (98123)

 

Complete Instruction Set of SPARC V8 will be implemented in the project ( SparcSimulator ).

 

The condition code register

The condition code register on the SPARC has four bits: Z (Zero), N (Negative), C (Carry), and V (oVerflow). The standard arithmetic operations (e.g., addition and subtraction) do not update the bits in the condition code register. Instead, there are special operations that update the condition code register. The names for these operations have a suffix of ``cc'' to indicate that they update the bits in the condition code register.


In most cases, the effect that an operation has on the condition codes is just what you would expect. Most of these operations set the Z bit when the result of the operation is zero, and clear this bit when the result is nonzero. Similarly, most of these operations set the N bit when the result of the operation is negative, and clear this bit when the result is nonnegative. The V bit is usually set when the (signed integer) result of the operation cannot be stored in 32 bits, and cleared when the result can be stored in 32 bits. Finally, the C bit is set when the operation generates a carry out of the most significant bit, and cleared otherwise.

In most contexts, you will be most interested in the N and Z bits of the condition code register and we will emphasize these bits in the remainder of this lab.

 

 

 

 

 

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Data Movement Instructions

Instruction

Description

Example

ldsb address, rd

Load signed byte from addr

ldsb [%r1], %r2

ld address, rd

Load signed word from addr

ld [%r1], %r2

ldub address, rd

Load unsigned byte from addr

ldub [%r1], %r2

stb rs, address

Stores byte to addr

stb %r1, [%r2]

sth rs, address

Stores halfword to addr

sth %r1, [%r2]

st rs, address

Stores word to addr

st %r1, [%r2]

sethi const22, rd

Sets upper 22 bits of rd with const

sethi 123,%r1

 

 

 

 

 

2. Arithmetic Instructions

Instruction

Description

Example

add/addcc rs1, rs2/const, rd

reg[rd] = reg[rs1] + reg[rs2]

add %r1, %r2, %r3

sub/subcc rs1, rs2/const, rd

reg[rd] = reg[rs1] - reg[rs2]

sub %r1, %r2, %r3

addx/addxcc rs1, rs2/const, rd

reg[rd] = reg[rs1] + reg[rs2] (with carry)

addx %r1, %r2, %r3

subx/subxcc rs1, rs2/const, rd

reg[rd] = reg[rs1] - reg[rs2] (with borrow)

subx %r1, %r2, %r3

cmp %r1,%r2

Sets appropriate condition codes

cmp %r1,%r2

3.Logical and Shift Instructions

Instruction

Description

Example

and rs1,rs2/const,rd

reg[rd]=reg[rs1] AND reg[rs2]

and %r1,%r2,%r3

or rs1,rs2/const,rd

reg[rd]=reg[rs1] OR reg[rs2]

or %r1,%r2,%r3

orn rs1,rs2/const,rd

reg[rd]=reg[rs1] NOR reg[rs2]

orn %r1,%r2,%r3

4. Branch and Control Transfer Instructions

Instruction

Description

Example

ba target

branch always

ba loop1

bne target

branch not equal

bne loop1

be target

branch equal

be loop1

bg target

branch greater

bg loop1

ble target

branch less than or equal

ble loop1

bge target

branch greater than or equal

bge loop1

bl target

branch less than

bl loop1

bgu target

branch greater (unsigned )

bgu loop1

bleu target

branch less or equal ( unsigned )

bleu loop1

 

Note : Like most RISC machines, the SPARC uses a branch delay slot. By default, the instruction following a branch instruction is executed whenever the branch instruction is executed.

 

5. Procedure Instructions

Instruction

Description

Example

call target

Jump to call-address and save PC into %r15

call proc

jmpl rs , rd

Jumps to [rs] and saves PC to rd

jmpl %r1,%r2

save rs1,rs2,rd

save rs1,const,rd

Provide new register window . rd = rs1 + rs2 (For stack pointer updation )

save %sp,-16,%sp

restore rs1,rs2,rd

restore rs1,const,rd

Restore old register window. rd = rs1 + rs2

( For stack pointer updation )

restore %sp,16,%sp